Uburyo bwo kuvura fosfeti mu gusya

Phosphating yo gukaraba ni iki?

Ni inzira yo gutunganya ubuso bw'icyuma, gusiga amavuta ni ugukoresha aside nyinshi mu gusukura icyuma kugira ngo ukureho ingese ku butaka. Gusiga fosfeti ni ukwinjiza icyuma cyasizwe aside hamwe n'umuti wa fosfeti kugira ngo hakorwe agahu ka okiside ku buso, gashobora gukumira ingese no kunoza uburyo irangi rifatana kugira ngo bitegure intambwe ikurikiraho.

Gukuramo ingese no gukata ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Intego yo gukuraho ingese no gukuraho uruhu igerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukuraho hydrogen ikorwa na aside ishonga ya okiside na corruption. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gukata ni aside hydrochloric, aside sulfuric na aside phosphoric. Aside nitrike ntikoreshwa gake kuko itanga umwuka wa azote dioxide uhumanya mu gihe cyo gukata. Gukata aside hydrochloric birakwiriye gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri hasi, ntibigomba kurenza 45℃, gukoresha ingano ya 10% kugeza 45%, bigomba kandi kongeramo ingano ikwiye y'umuti ubuza aside gukaraba birakwiye. Aside sulfuric ku bushyuhe buri hasi gukata ni buhoro cyane, igomba gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe buri hagati, ubushyuhe bwa 50 ~ 80℃, gukoresha ingano ya 10% ~ 25%. Akamaro ko gukusanya aside fosforiki ni uko bitazatanga ibisigazwa byangiza (hafi hazabaho ibisigazwa bya Cl-, SO42- nyuma yo gukusanya aside hydrochloric na aside sulfuriki), ibyo bikaba ari umutekano muke, ariko ikibi cya aside fosforiki ni uko ikiguzi kiri hejuru, umuvuduko wo gukusanya ugenda buhoro, ubwinshi bw'ikoreshwa muri rusange bukaba 10% kugeza 40%, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kuvura bushobora kuba ubushyuhe busanzwe bugera kuri 80°C. Mu gikorwa cyo gukusanya, gukoresha aside ivanze nabyo ni uburyo bwiza cyane, nka aside ivanze ya hydrochloric-sulfuric, aside ivanze ya phospho-citric. Ingano ikwiye y'ibibuza ngura igomba kongerwamo mu gukusanya, gukuraho ingese no gukuraho ogisijeni mu kigega. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibibuza ngura, kandi guhitamo biroroshye, kandi uruhare rwabyo ni ukubuza ngura mu byuma no gukumira "kugabanuka kwa hydrogen". Ariko, mu gihe cyo gukusanya ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "hydrogen embrittleness", guhitamo ibikoresho bigabanya ingese bigomba kwitonderwa cyane, kuko bimwe mu bikoresho bigabanya ingese bibuza uburyo atome ebyiri za hydrogen zikora molekile za hydrogen, arizo: 2[H]→H2↑, kugira ngo ubwinshi bwa atome za hydrogen ku buso bw'icyuma bwiyongere, bikongera ubushake bwa "hydrogen embrittleness". Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kureba igitabo cy'amakuru ajyanye n'ingese cyangwa gukora ikizamini cya "hydrogen embrittlements" kugira ngo hirindwe ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bigabanya ingese.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura mu nganda - gusukura hakoreshejwe laser y'icyatsi kibisi

Ikoranabuhanga ryitwa isuku rya laser risobanura ikoreshwa ry'umuraba wa laser ufite ingufu nyinshi mu gukaranga ubuso bw'ikintu gikorerwamo, kugira ngo ubuso bw'umwanda, ingese cyangwa irangi buhinduke cyangwa buveho ako kanya, gukuraho vuba kandi neza ikintu gifatanye n'ubuso cyangwa irangi ry'ubuso, kugira ngo hagerwe ku gikorwa cyiza. Ni ikoranabuhanga rishya rishingiye ku ngaruka za laser n'ibintu bifitanye isano, kandi rifite ibyiza bigaragara ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo bwo gusukura nko gusukura imashini, gusukura ingese hakoreshejwe imiti, gusukura cyane mu mazi, gusukura cyane hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Ni ingirakamaro, yihuse, ihendutse, ifite ubushyuhe buke n'umutwaro muto ku butaka, kandi ntiyangiza isuku; Imyanda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, nta mwanda uhumanya ibidukikije utekanye kandi wizewe, ntiyangiza ubuzima bw'uyikoresha ishobora gukuraho ubunini butandukanye, ibice bitandukanye by'uburyo bwo gusukura ku rwego rwo hejuru biroroshye kubigeraho mu buryo bwikora, gusukura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rikoresha remote control n'ibindi.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura hakoreshejwe laser ritangiza ibidukikije kandi ridafite umwanda rikemura burundu ikemurwa ry’isuku ry’ibidukikije rya ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya fosfeti. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kurengera ibidukikije n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura ibidukikije - "gusukura hakoreshejwe laser" ryabayeho kandi rizamuka uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana. Ubushakashatsi n’iterambere byaryo n’ikoreshwa ryaryo byatumye habaho impinduka nshya mu isuku y’inganda kandi bizana isura nshya mu nganda zitunganya ibidukikije ku isi.